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#include "poly/multipoint.hpp"
#pragma once #include "poly/middle_product.hpp" #include "mod/all_inverse.hpp" #include "poly/fps_div.hpp" #include "poly/ntt_doubling.hpp" #include "poly/transposed_ntt.hpp" template <typename mint> struct SubproductTree { int m; int sz; vc<vc<mint>> T; SubproductTree(const vc<mint>& x) { m = len(x); sz = 1; while (sz < m) sz *= 2; T.resize(2 * sz); FOR(i, sz) T[sz + i] = {1, (i < m ? -x[i] : 0)}; FOR3_R(i, 1, sz) T[i] = convolution(T[2 * i], T[2 * i + 1]); } vc<mint> evaluation(vc<mint> f) { int n = len(f); if (n == 0) return vc<mint>(m, mint(0)); f.resize(2 * n - 1); vc<vc<mint>> g(2 * sz); g[1] = T[1]; g[1].resize(n); g[1] = fps_inv(g[1]); g[1] = middle_product(f, g[1]); g[1].resize(sz); FOR3(i, 1, sz) { g[2 * i] = middle_product(g[i], T[2 * i + 1]); g[2 * i + 1] = middle_product(g[i], T[2 * i]); } vc<mint> vals(m); FOR(i, m) vals[i] = g[sz + i][0]; return vals; } vc<mint> interpolation(vc<mint>& y) { assert(len(y) == m); vc<mint> a(m); FOR(i, m) a[i] = T[1][m - i - 1] * (i + 1); a = evaluation(a); vc<vc<mint>> t(2 * sz); FOR(i, sz) t[sz + i] = {(i < m ? y[i] / a[i] : 0)}; FOR3_R(i, 1, sz) { t[i] = convolution(t[2 * i], T[2 * i + 1]); auto tt = convolution(t[2 * i + 1], T[2 * i]); FOR(k, len(t[i])) t[i][k] += tt[k]; } t[1].resize(m); reverse(all(t[1])); return t[1]; } }; template <typename mint> vc<mint> multipoint_evaluation_ntt(vc<mint> f, vc<mint> point) { using poly = vc<mint>; int n = 1, k = 0; while (n < len(point)) n *= 2, ++k; vv(mint, F, k + 1, 2 * n); FOR(i, len(point)) F[0][2 * i] = -point[i]; FOR(d, k) { int b = 1 << d; for (int L = 0; L < 2 * n; L += 4 * b) { poly f1 = {F[d].begin() + L, F[d].begin() + L + b}; poly f2 = {F[d].begin() + L + 2 * b, F[d].begin() + L + 3 * b}; ntt_doubling(f1), ntt_doubling(f2); FOR(i, b) f1[i] += 1, f2[i] += 1; FOR(i, b, 2 * b) f1[i] -= 1, f2[i] -= 1; copy(all(f1), F[d].begin() + L); copy(all(f2), F[d].begin() + L + 2 * b); FOR(i, 2 * b) { F[d + 1][L + i] = f1[i] * f2[i] - 1; } } } vc<mint> P = {F[k].begin(), F[k].begin() + n}; ntt(P, 1), P.eb(1), reverse(all(P)), P.resize(len(f)), P = fps_inv<mint>(P); f.resize(n + len(P) - 1), f = middle_product<mint>(f, P), reverse(all(f)); transposed_ntt(f, 1); vc<mint>& G = f; FOR_R(d, k) { vc<mint> nxt_G(n); int b = 1 << d; for (int L = 0; L < n; L += 2 * b) { vc<mint> g1(2 * b), g2(2 * b); FOR(i, 2 * b) { g1[i] = G[L + i] * F[d][2 * L + 2 * b + i]; } FOR(i, 2 * b) { g2[i] = G[L + i] * F[d][2 * L + i]; } ntt_doubling<mint, true>(g1), ntt_doubling<mint, true>(g2); FOR(i, b) { nxt_G[L + i] = g1[i], nxt_G[L + b + i] = g2[i]; } } swap(G, nxt_G); } G.resize(len(point)); return G; } template <typename mint> vc<mint> multipoint_eval(vc<mint>& f, vc<mint>& x) { if (x.empty()) return {}; if (mint::can_ntt()) return multipoint_evaluation_ntt(f, x); SubproductTree<mint> F(x); return F.evaluation(f); } template <typename mint> vc<mint> multipoint_interpolate(vc<mint>& x, vc<mint>& y) { if (x.empty()) return {}; SubproductTree<mint> F(x); return F.interpolation(y); } // calculate f(ar^k) for 0 <= k < m template <typename mint> vc<mint> multipoint_eval_on_geom_seq(vc<mint> f, mint a, mint r, int m) { const int n = len(f); if (m == 0) return {}; auto eval = [&](mint x) -> mint { mint fx = 0; mint pow = 1; FOR(i, n) fx += f[i] * pow, pow *= x; return fx; }; if (r == mint(0)) { vc<mint> res(m); FOR(i, 1, m) res[i] = f[0]; res[0] = eval(a); return res; } if (n < 60 || m < 60) { vc<mint> res(m); FOR(i, m) res[i] = eval(a), a *= r; return res; } assert(r != mint(0)); // a == 1 に帰着 mint pow_a = 1; FOR(i, n) f[i] *= pow_a, pow_a *= a; auto calc = [&](mint r, int m) -> vc<mint> { // r^{t_i} の計算 vc<mint> res(m); mint pow = 1; res[0] = 1; FOR(i, m - 1) { res[i + 1] = res[i] * pow; pow *= r; } return res; }; vc<mint> A = calc(r, n + m - 1), B = calc(r.inverse(), max(n, m)); FOR(i, n) f[i] *= B[i]; f = middle_product(A, f); FOR(i, m) f[i] *= B[i]; return f; } // Y[i] = f(ar^i) template <typename mint> vc<mint> multipoint_interpolate_on_geom_seq(vc<mint> Y, mint a, mint r) { const int n = len(Y); if (n == 0) return {}; if (n == 1) return {Y[0]}; assert(r != mint(0)); mint ir = r.inverse(); vc<mint> POW(n + n - 1), tPOW(n + n - 1); POW[0] = tPOW[0] = mint(1); FOR(i, n + n - 2) POW[i + 1] = POW[i] * r, tPOW[i + 1] = tPOW[i] * POW[i]; vc<mint> iPOW(n + n - 1), itPOW(n + n - 1); iPOW[0] = itPOW[0] = mint(1); FOR(i, n) iPOW[i + 1] = iPOW[i] * ir, itPOW[i + 1] = itPOW[i] * iPOW[i]; // prod_[1,i] 1-r^k vc<mint> S(n); S[0] = mint(1); FOR(i, 1, n) S[i] = S[i - 1] * (mint(1) - POW[i]); vc<mint> iS = all_inverse<mint>(S); mint sn = S[n - 1] * (mint(1) - POW[n]); FOR(i, n) { Y[i] = Y[i] * tPOW[n - 1 - i] * itPOW[n - 1] * iS[i] * iS[n - 1 - i]; if (i % 2 == 1) Y[i] = -Y[i]; } // sum_i Y[i] / 1-r^ix FOR(i, n) Y[i] *= itPOW[i]; vc<mint> f = middle_product(tPOW, Y); FOR(i, n) f[i] *= itPOW[i]; // prod 1-r^ix vc<mint> g(n); g[0] = mint(1); FOR(i, 1, n) { g[i] = tPOW[i] * sn * iS[i] * iS[n - i]; if (i % 2 == 1) g[i] = -g[i]; } f = convolution<mint>(f, g); f.resize(n); reverse(all(f)); mint ia = a.inverse(); mint pow = 1; FOR(i, n) f[i] *= pow, pow *= ia; return f; }
#line 2 "poly/multipoint.hpp" #line 2 "poly/middle_product.hpp" #line 2 "poly/ntt.hpp" template <class mint> void ntt(vector<mint>& a, bool inverse) { assert(mint::can_ntt()); const int rank2 = mint::ntt_info().fi; const int mod = mint::get_mod(); static array<mint, 30> root, iroot; static array<mint, 30> rate2, irate2; static array<mint, 30> rate3, irate3; assert(rank2 != -1 && len(a) <= (1 << max(0, rank2))); static bool prepared = 0; if (!prepared) { prepared = 1; root[rank2] = mint::ntt_info().se; iroot[rank2] = mint(1) / root[rank2]; FOR_R(i, rank2) { root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1]; iroot[i] = iroot[i + 1] * iroot[i + 1]; } mint prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 2; i++) { rate2[i] = root[i + 2] * prod; irate2[i] = iroot[i + 2] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 2]; iprod *= root[i + 2]; } prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 3; i++) { rate3[i] = root[i + 3] * prod; irate3[i] = iroot[i + 3] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 3]; iprod *= root[i + 3]; } } int n = int(a.size()); int h = topbit(n); assert(n == 1 << h); if (!inverse) { int len = 0; while (len < h) { if (h - len == 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len - 1); mint rot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << len) { int offset = s << (h - len); FOR(i, p) { auto l = a[i + offset]; auto r = a[i + offset + p] * rot; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = l - r; } rot *= rate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len++; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len - 2); mint rot = 1, imag = root[2]; for (int s = 0; s < (1 << len); s++) { mint rot2 = rot * rot; mint rot3 = rot2 * rot; int offset = s << (h - len); for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 mod2 = u64(mod) * mod; u64 a0 = a[i + offset].val; u64 a1 = u64(a[i + offset + p].val) * rot.val; u64 a2 = u64(a[i + offset + 2 * p].val) * rot2.val; u64 a3 = u64(a[i + offset + 3 * p].val) * rot3.val; u64 a1na3imag = (a1 + mod2 - a3) % mod * imag.val; u64 na2 = mod2 - a2; a[i + offset] = a0 + a2 + a1 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = a0 + a2 + (2 * mod2 - (a1 + a3)); a[i + offset + 2 * p] = a0 + na2 + a1na3imag; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = a0 + na2 + (mod2 - a1na3imag); } rot *= rate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len += 2; } } } else { mint coef = mint(1) / mint(len(a)); FOR(i, len(a)) a[i] *= coef; int len = h; while (len) { if (len == 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint irot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << (len - 1)) { int offset = s << (h - len + 1); FOR(i, p) { u64 l = a[i + offset].val; u64 r = a[i + offset + p].val; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = (mod + l - r) * irot.val; } irot *= irate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len--; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint irot = 1, iimag = iroot[2]; FOR(s, (1 << (len - 2))) { mint irot2 = irot * irot; mint irot3 = irot2 * irot; int offset = s << (h - len + 2); for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 a0 = a[i + offset + 0 * p].val; u64 a1 = a[i + offset + 1 * p].val; u64 a2 = a[i + offset + 2 * p].val; u64 a3 = a[i + offset + 3 * p].val; u64 x = (mod + a2 - a3) * iimag.val % mod; a[i + offset] = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = (a0 + mod - a1 + x) * irot.val; a[i + offset + 2 * p] = (a0 + a1 + 2 * mod - a2 - a3) * irot2.val; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = (a0 + 2 * mod - a1 - x) * irot3.val; } irot *= irate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len -= 2; } } } } #line 2 "mod/crt3.hpp" constexpr u32 mod_pow_constexpr(u64 a, u64 n, u32 mod) { a %= mod; u64 res = 1; FOR(32) { if (n & 1) res = res * a % mod; a = a * a % mod, n /= 2; } return res; } template <typename T, u32 p0, u32 p1> T CRT2(u64 a0, u64 a1) { static_assert(p0 < p1); static constexpr u64 x0_1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1); u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x0_1 % p1; return a0 + c * p0; } template <typename T, u32 p0, u32 p1, u32 p2> T CRT3(u64 a0, u64 a1, u64 a2) { static_assert(p0 < p1 && p1 < p2); static constexpr u64 x1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1); static constexpr u64 x2 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p2, p2 - 2, p2); static constexpr u64 p01 = u64(p0) * p1; u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x1 % p1; u64 ans_1 = a0 + c * p0; c = (a2 - ans_1 % p2 + p2) * x2 % p2; return T(ans_1) + T(c) * T(p01); } template <typename T, u32 p0, u32 p1, u32 p2, u32 p3> T CRT4(u64 a0, u64 a1, u64 a2, u64 a3) { static_assert(p0 < p1 && p1 < p2 && p2 < p3); static constexpr u64 x1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1); static constexpr u64 x2 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p2, p2 - 2, p2); static constexpr u64 x3 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p3 * p2 % p3, p3 - 2, p3); static constexpr u64 p01 = u64(p0) * p1; u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x1 % p1; u64 ans_1 = a0 + c * p0; c = (a2 - ans_1 % p2 + p2) * x2 % p2; u128 ans_2 = ans_1 + c * static_cast<u128>(p01); c = (a3 - ans_2 % p3 + p3) * x3 % p3; return T(ans_2) + T(c) * T(p01) * T(p2); } template <typename T, u32 p0, u32 p1, u32 p2, u32 p3, u32 p4> T CRT5(u64 a0, u64 a1, u64 a2, u64 a3, u64 a4) { static_assert(p0 < p1 && p1 < p2 && p2 < p3 && p3 < p4); static constexpr u64 x1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1); static constexpr u64 x2 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p2, p2 - 2, p2); static constexpr u64 x3 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p3 * p2 % p3, p3 - 2, p3); static constexpr u64 x4 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p4 * p2 % p4 * p3 % p4, p4 - 2, p4); static constexpr u64 p01 = u64(p0) * p1; static constexpr u64 p23 = u64(p2) * p3; u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x1 % p1; u64 ans_1 = a0 + c * p0; c = (a2 - ans_1 % p2 + p2) * x2 % p2; u128 ans_2 = ans_1 + c * static_cast<u128>(p01); c = static_cast<u64>(a3 - ans_2 % p3 + p3) * x3 % p3; u128 ans_3 = ans_2 + static_cast<u128>(c * p2) * p01; c = static_cast<u64>(a4 - ans_3 % p4 + p4) * x4 % p4; return T(ans_3) + T(c) * T(p01) * T(p23); } #line 2 "mod/modint_common.hpp" struct has_mod_impl { template <class T> static auto check(T &&x) -> decltype(x.get_mod(), std::true_type{}); template <class T> static auto check(...) -> std::false_type; }; template <class T> class has_mod : public decltype(has_mod_impl::check<T>(std::declval<T>())) {}; template <typename mint> mint inv(int n) { static const int mod = mint::get_mod(); static vector<mint> dat = {0, 1}; assert(0 <= n); if (n >= mod) n %= mod; while (len(dat) <= n) { int k = len(dat); int q = (mod + k - 1) / k; dat.eb(dat[k * q - mod] * mint::raw(q)); } return dat[n]; } template <typename mint> mint fact(int n) { static const int mod = mint::get_mod(); assert(0 <= n && n < mod); static vector<mint> dat = {1, 1}; while (len(dat) <= n) dat.eb(dat[len(dat) - 1] * mint::raw(len(dat))); return dat[n]; } template <typename mint> mint fact_inv(int n) { static vector<mint> dat = {1, 1}; if (n < 0) return mint(0); while (len(dat) <= n) dat.eb(dat[len(dat) - 1] * inv<mint>(len(dat))); return dat[n]; } template <class mint, class... Ts> mint fact_invs(Ts... xs) { return (mint(1) * ... * fact_inv<mint>(xs)); } template <typename mint, class Head, class... Tail> mint multinomial(Head &&head, Tail &&... tail) { return fact<mint>(head) * fact_invs<mint>(std::forward<Tail>(tail)...); } template <typename mint> mint C_dense(int n, int k) { assert(n >= 0); if (k < 0 || n < k) return 0; static vvc<mint> C; static int H = 0, W = 0; auto calc = [&](int i, int j) -> mint { if (i == 0) return (j == 0 ? mint(1) : mint(0)); return C[i - 1][j] + (j ? C[i - 1][j - 1] : 0); }; if (W <= k) { FOR(i, H) { C[i].resize(k + 1); FOR(j, W, k + 1) { C[i][j] = calc(i, j); } } W = k + 1; } if (H <= n) { C.resize(n + 1); FOR(i, H, n + 1) { C[i].resize(W); FOR(j, W) { C[i][j] = calc(i, j); } } H = n + 1; } return C[n][k]; } template <typename mint, bool large = false, bool dense = false> mint C(ll n, ll k) { assert(n >= 0); if (k < 0 || n < k) return 0; if constexpr (dense) return C_dense<mint>(n, k); if constexpr (!large) return multinomial<mint>(n, k, n - k); k = min(k, n - k); mint x(1); FOR(i, k) x *= mint(n - i); return x * fact_inv<mint>(k); } template <typename mint, bool large = false> mint C_inv(ll n, ll k) { assert(n >= 0); assert(0 <= k && k <= n); if (!large) return fact_inv<mint>(n) * fact<mint>(k) * fact<mint>(n - k); return mint(1) / C<mint, 1>(n, k); } // [x^d](1-x)^{-n} template <typename mint, bool large = false, bool dense = false> mint C_negative(ll n, ll d) { assert(n >= 0); if (d < 0) return mint(0); if (n == 0) { return (d == 0 ? mint(1) : mint(0)); } return C<mint, large, dense>(n + d - 1, d); } #line 3 "mod/modint.hpp" template <int mod> struct modint { static constexpr u32 umod = u32(mod); static_assert(umod < u32(1) << 31); u32 val; static modint raw(u32 v) { modint x; x.val = v; return x; } constexpr modint() : val(0) {} constexpr modint(u32 x) : val(x % umod) {} constexpr modint(u64 x) : val(x % umod) {} constexpr modint(u128 x) : val(x % umod) {} constexpr modint(int x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){}; constexpr modint(ll x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){}; constexpr modint(i128 x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){}; bool operator<(const modint &other) const { return val < other.val; } modint &operator+=(const modint &p) { if ((val += p.val) >= umod) val -= umod; return *this; } modint &operator-=(const modint &p) { if ((val += umod - p.val) >= umod) val -= umod; return *this; } modint &operator*=(const modint &p) { val = u64(val) * p.val % umod; return *this; } modint &operator/=(const modint &p) { *this *= p.inverse(); return *this; } modint operator-() const { return modint::raw(val ? mod - val : u32(0)); } modint operator+(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) += p; } modint operator-(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) -= p; } modint operator*(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) *= p; } modint operator/(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) /= p; } bool operator==(const modint &p) const { return val == p.val; } bool operator!=(const modint &p) const { return val != p.val; } modint inverse() const { int a = val, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0, t; while (b > 0) { t = a / b; swap(a -= t * b, b), swap(u -= t * v, v); } return modint(u); } modint pow(ll n) const { assert(n >= 0); modint ret(1), mul(val); while (n > 0) { if (n & 1) ret *= mul; mul *= mul; n >>= 1; } return ret; } static constexpr int get_mod() { return mod; } // (n, r), r は 1 の 2^n 乗根 static constexpr pair<int, int> ntt_info() { if (mod == 120586241) return {20, 74066978}; if (mod == 167772161) return {25, 17}; if (mod == 469762049) return {26, 30}; if (mod == 754974721) return {24, 362}; if (mod == 880803841) return {23, 211}; if (mod == 943718401) return {22, 663003469}; if (mod == 998244353) return {23, 31}; if (mod == 1004535809) return {21, 582313106}; if (mod == 1012924417) return {21, 368093570}; return {-1, -1}; } static constexpr bool can_ntt() { return ntt_info().fi != -1; } }; #ifdef FASTIO template <int mod> void rd(modint<mod> &x) { fastio::rd(x.val); x.val %= mod; // assert(0 <= x.val && x.val < mod); } template <int mod> void wt(modint<mod> x) { fastio::wt(x.val); } #endif using modint107 = modint<1000000007>; using modint998 = modint<998244353>; #line 6 "poly/middle_product.hpp" // n, m 次多項式 (n>=m) a, b → n-m 次多項式 c // c[i] = sum_j b[j]a[i+j] template <typename mint> vc<mint> middle_product(vc<mint>& a, vc<mint>& b) { assert(len(a) >= len(b)); if (b.empty()) return vc<mint>(len(a) - len(b) + 1); if (min(len(b), len(a) - len(b) + 1) <= 60) { return middle_product_naive(a, b); } if (!(mint::can_ntt())) { return middle_product_garner(a, b); } else { int n = 1 << __lg(2 * len(a) - 1); vc<mint> fa(n), fb(n); copy(a.begin(), a.end(), fa.begin()); copy(b.rbegin(), b.rend(), fb.begin()); ntt(fa, 0), ntt(fb, 0); FOR(i, n) fa[i] *= fb[i]; ntt(fa, 1); fa.resize(len(a)); fa.erase(fa.begin(), fa.begin() + len(b) - 1); return fa; } } template <typename mint> vc<mint> middle_product_garner(vc<mint>& a, vc<mint> b) { int n = len(a), m = len(b); if (!n || !m) return {}; static constexpr int p0 = 167772161; static constexpr int p1 = 469762049; static constexpr int p2 = 754974721; using mint0 = modint<p0>; using mint1 = modint<p1>; using mint2 = modint<p2>; vc<mint0> a0(n), b0(m); vc<mint1> a1(n), b1(m); vc<mint2> a2(n), b2(m); FOR(i, n) a0[i] = a[i].val, a1[i] = a[i].val, a2[i] = a[i].val; FOR(i, m) b0[i] = b[i].val, b1[i] = b[i].val, b2[i] = b[i].val; auto c0 = middle_product<mint0>(a0, b0); auto c1 = middle_product<mint1>(a1, b1); auto c2 = middle_product<mint2>(a2, b2); vc<mint> c(len(c0)); FOR(i, n - m + 1) { c[i] = CRT3<mint, p0, p1, p2>(c0[i].val, c1[i].val, c2[i].val); } return c; } template <typename mint> vc<mint> middle_product_naive(vc<mint>& a, vc<mint>& b) { vc<mint> res(len(a) - len(b) + 1); FOR(i, len(res)) FOR(j, len(b)) res[i] += b[j] * a[i + j]; return res; } #line 2 "mod/all_inverse.hpp" template <typename mint> vc<mint> all_inverse(vc<mint>& X) { for (auto&& x: X) assert(x != mint(0)); int N = len(X); vc<mint> res(N + 1); res[0] = mint(1); FOR(i, N) res[i + 1] = res[i] * X[i]; mint t = res.back().inverse(); res.pop_back(); FOR_R(i, N) { res[i] *= t; t *= X[i]; } return res; } #line 2 "poly/fps_div.hpp" #line 2 "poly/count_terms.hpp" template<typename mint> int count_terms(const vc<mint>& f){ int t = 0; FOR(i, len(f)) if(f[i] != mint(0)) ++t; return t; } #line 2 "mod/mod_inv.hpp" // long でも大丈夫 // (val * x - 1) が mod の倍数になるようにする // 特に mod=0 なら x=0 が満たす ll mod_inv(ll val, ll mod) { if (mod == 0) return 0; mod = abs(mod); val %= mod; if (val < 0) val += mod; ll a = val, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0, t; while (b > 0) { t = a / b; swap(a -= t * b, b), swap(u -= t * v, v); } if (u < 0) u += mod; return u; } #line 2 "poly/convolution_naive.hpp" template <class T, typename enable_if<!has_mod<T>::value>::type* = nullptr> vc<T> convolution_naive(const vc<T>& a, const vc<T>& b) { int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); if (n > m) return convolution_naive<T>(b, a); if (n == 0) return {}; vector<T> ans(n + m - 1); FOR(i, n) FOR(j, m) ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; return ans; } template <class T, typename enable_if<has_mod<T>::value>::type* = nullptr> vc<T> convolution_naive(const vc<T>& a, const vc<T>& b) { int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); if (n > m) return convolution_naive<T>(b, a); if (n == 0) return {}; vc<T> ans(n + m - 1); if (n <= 16 && (T::get_mod() < (1 << 30))) { for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) { int s = max(0, k - m + 1); int t = min(n, k + 1); u64 sm = 0; for (int i = s; i < t; ++i) { sm += u64(a[i].val) * (b[k - i].val); } ans[k] = sm; } } else { for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) { int s = max(0, k - m + 1); int t = min(n, k + 1); u128 sm = 0; for (int i = s; i < t; ++i) { sm += u64(a[i].val) * (b[k - i].val); } ans[k] = T::raw(sm % T::get_mod()); } } return ans; } #line 2 "poly/convolution_karatsuba.hpp" // 任意の環でできる template <typename T> vc<T> convolution_karatsuba(const vc<T>& f, const vc<T>& g) { const int thresh = 30; if (min(len(f), len(g)) <= thresh) return convolution_naive(f, g); int n = max(len(f), len(g)); int m = ceil(n, 2); vc<T> f1, f2, g1, g2; if (len(f) < m) f1 = f; if (len(f) >= m) f1 = {f.begin(), f.begin() + m}; if (len(f) >= m) f2 = {f.begin() + m, f.end()}; if (len(g) < m) g1 = g; if (len(g) >= m) g1 = {g.begin(), g.begin() + m}; if (len(g) >= m) g2 = {g.begin() + m, g.end()}; vc<T> a = convolution_karatsuba(f1, g1); vc<T> b = convolution_karatsuba(f2, g2); FOR(i, len(f2)) f1[i] += f2[i]; FOR(i, len(g2)) g1[i] += g2[i]; vc<T> c = convolution_karatsuba(f1, g1); vc<T> F(len(f) + len(g) - 1); assert(2 * m + len(b) <= len(F)); FOR(i, len(a)) F[i] += a[i], c[i] -= a[i]; FOR(i, len(b)) F[2 * m + i] += b[i], c[i] -= b[i]; if (c.back() == T(0)) c.pop_back(); FOR(i, len(c)) if (c[i] != T(0)) F[m + i] += c[i]; return F; } #line 8 "poly/convolution.hpp" template <class mint> vector<mint> convolution_ntt(vector<mint> a, vector<mint> b) { if (a.empty() || b.empty()) return {}; int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); int sz = 1; while (sz < n + m - 1) sz *= 2; // sz = 2^k のときの高速化。分割統治的なやつで損しまくるので。 if ((n + m - 3) <= sz / 2) { auto a_last = a.back(), b_last = b.back(); a.pop_back(), b.pop_back(); auto c = convolution(a, b); c.resize(n + m - 1); c[n + m - 2] = a_last * b_last; FOR(i, len(a)) c[i + len(b)] += a[i] * b_last; FOR(i, len(b)) c[i + len(a)] += b[i] * a_last; return c; } a.resize(sz), b.resize(sz); bool same = a == b; ntt(a, 0); if (same) { b = a; } else { ntt(b, 0); } FOR(i, sz) a[i] *= b[i]; ntt(a, 1); a.resize(n + m - 1); return a; } template <typename mint> vector<mint> convolution_garner(const vector<mint>& a, const vector<mint>& b) { int n = len(a), m = len(b); if (!n || !m) return {}; static constexpr int p0 = 167772161; static constexpr int p1 = 469762049; static constexpr int p2 = 754974721; using mint0 = modint<p0>; using mint1 = modint<p1>; using mint2 = modint<p2>; vc<mint0> a0(n), b0(m); vc<mint1> a1(n), b1(m); vc<mint2> a2(n), b2(m); FOR(i, n) a0[i] = a[i].val, a1[i] = a[i].val, a2[i] = a[i].val; FOR(i, m) b0[i] = b[i].val, b1[i] = b[i].val, b2[i] = b[i].val; auto c0 = convolution_ntt<mint0>(a0, b0); auto c1 = convolution_ntt<mint1>(a1, b1); auto c2 = convolution_ntt<mint2>(a2, b2); vc<mint> c(len(c0)); FOR(i, n + m - 1) { c[i] = CRT3<mint, p0, p1, p2>(c0[i].val, c1[i].val, c2[i].val); } return c; } vector<ll> convolution(vector<ll> a, vector<ll> b) { int n = len(a), m = len(b); if (!n || !m) return {}; if (min(n, m) <= 2500) return convolution_naive(a, b); ll mi_a = MIN(a), mi_b = MIN(b); for (auto& x: a) x -= mi_a; for (auto& x: b) x -= mi_b; assert(MAX(a) * MAX(b) <= 1e18); auto Ac = cumsum<ll>(a), Bc = cumsum<ll>(b); vi res(n + m - 1); for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) { int s = max(0, k - m + 1); int t = min(n, k + 1); res[k] += (t - s) * mi_a * mi_b; res[k] += mi_a * (Bc[k - s + 1] - Bc[k - t + 1]); res[k] += mi_b * (Ac[t] - Ac[s]); } static constexpr u32 MOD1 = 1004535809; static constexpr u32 MOD2 = 1012924417; using mint1 = modint<MOD1>; using mint2 = modint<MOD2>; vc<mint1> a1(n), b1(m); vc<mint2> a2(n), b2(m); FOR(i, n) a1[i] = a[i], a2[i] = a[i]; FOR(i, m) b1[i] = b[i], b2[i] = b[i]; auto c1 = convolution_ntt<mint1>(a1, b1); auto c2 = convolution_ntt<mint2>(a2, b2); FOR(i, n + m - 1) { res[i] += CRT2<u64, MOD1, MOD2>(c1[i].val, c2[i].val); } return res; } template <typename mint> vc<mint> convolution(const vc<mint>& a, const vc<mint>& b) { int n = len(a), m = len(b); if (!n || !m) return {}; if (mint::can_ntt()) { if (min(n, m) <= 50) return convolution_karatsuba<mint>(a, b); return convolution_ntt(a, b); } if (min(n, m) <= 200) return convolution_karatsuba<mint>(a, b); return convolution_garner(a, b); } #line 4 "poly/fps_inv.hpp" template <typename mint> vc<mint> fps_inv_sparse(const vc<mint>& f) { int N = len(f); vc<pair<int, mint>> dat; FOR(i, 1, N) if (f[i] != mint(0)) dat.eb(i, f[i]); vc<mint> g(N); mint g0 = mint(1) / f[0]; g[0] = g0; FOR(n, 1, N) { mint rhs = 0; for (auto&& [k, fk]: dat) { if (k > n) break; rhs -= fk * g[n - k]; } g[n] = rhs * g0; } return g; } template <typename mint> vc<mint> fps_inv_dense_ntt(const vc<mint>& F) { vc<mint> G = {mint(1) / F[0]}; ll N = len(F), n = 1; G.reserve(N); while (n < N) { vc<mint> f(2 * n), g(2 * n); FOR(i, min(N, 2 * n)) f[i] = F[i]; FOR(i, n) g[i] = G[i]; ntt(f, false), ntt(g, false); FOR(i, 2 * n) f[i] *= g[i]; ntt(f, true); FOR(i, n) f[i] = 0; ntt(f, false); FOR(i, 2 * n) f[i] *= g[i]; ntt(f, true); FOR(i, n, min(N, 2 * n)) G.eb(-f[i]); n *= 2; } return G; } template <typename mint> vc<mint> fps_inv_dense(const vc<mint>& F) { if (mint::can_ntt()) return fps_inv_dense_ntt(F); const int N = len(F); vc<mint> R = {mint(1) / F[0]}; vc<mint> p; int m = 1; while (m < N) { p = convolution(R, R); p.resize(m + m); vc<mint> f = {F.begin(), F.begin() + min(m + m, N)}; p = convolution(p, f); R.resize(m + m); FOR(i, m + m) R[i] = R[i] + R[i] - p[i]; m += m; } R.resize(N); return R; } template <typename mint> vc<mint> fps_inv(const vc<mint>& f) { assert(f[0] != mint(0)); int n = count_terms(f); int t = (mint::can_ntt() ? 160 : 820); return (n <= t ? fps_inv_sparse<mint>(f) : fps_inv_dense<mint>(f)); } #line 5 "poly/fps_div.hpp" // f/g. f の長さで出力される. template <typename mint, bool SPARSE = false> vc<mint> fps_div(vc<mint> f, vc<mint> g) { if (SPARSE || count_terms(g) < 200) return fps_div_sparse(f, g); int n = len(f); g.resize(n); g = fps_inv<mint>(g); f = convolution(f, g); f.resize(n); return f; } // f/g ただし g は sparse template <typename mint> vc<mint> fps_div_sparse(vc<mint> f, vc<mint>& g) { if (g[0] != mint(1)) { mint cf = g[0].inverse(); for (auto&& x: f) x *= cf; for (auto&& x: g) x *= cf; } vc<pair<int, mint>> dat; FOR(i, 1, len(g)) if (g[i] != mint(0)) dat.eb(i, -g[i]); FOR(i, len(f)) { for (auto&& [j, x]: dat) { if (i >= j) f[i] += x * f[i - j]; } } return f; } #line 2 "poly/ntt_doubling.hpp" #line 4 "poly/ntt_doubling.hpp" // 2^k 次多項式の長さ 2^k が与えられるので 2^k+1 にする template <typename mint, bool transposed = false> void ntt_doubling(vector<mint>& a) { static array<mint, 30> root; static bool prepared = 0; if (!prepared) { prepared = 1; const int rank2 = mint::ntt_info().fi; root[rank2] = mint::ntt_info().se; FOR_R(i, rank2) { root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1]; } } if constexpr (!transposed) { const int M = (int)a.size(); auto b = a; ntt(b, 1); mint r = 1, zeta = root[topbit(2 * M)]; FOR(i, M) b[i] *= r, r *= zeta; ntt(b, 0); copy(begin(b), end(b), back_inserter(a)); } else { const int M = len(a) / 2; vc<mint> tmp = {a.begin(), a.begin() + M}; a = {a.begin() + M, a.end()}; transposed_ntt(a, 0); mint r = 1, zeta = root[topbit(2 * M)]; FOR(i, M) a[i] *= r, r *= zeta; transposed_ntt(a, 1); FOR(i, M) a[i] += tmp[i]; } } #line 2 "poly/transposed_ntt.hpp" template <class mint> void transposed_ntt(vector<mint>& a, bool inverse) { assert(mint::can_ntt()); const int rank2 = mint::ntt_info().fi; const int mod = mint::get_mod(); static array<mint, 30> root, iroot; static array<mint, 30> rate2, irate2; static array<mint, 30> rate3, irate3; assert(rank2 != -1 && len(a) <= (1 << max(0, rank2))); static bool prepared = 0; if (!prepared) { prepared = 1; root[rank2] = mint::ntt_info().se; iroot[rank2] = mint(1) / root[rank2]; FOR_R(i, rank2) { root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1]; iroot[i] = iroot[i + 1] * iroot[i + 1]; } mint prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 2; i++) { rate2[i] = root[i + 2] * prod; irate2[i] = iroot[i + 2] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 2]; iprod *= root[i + 2]; } prod = 1, iprod = 1; for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 3; i++) { rate3[i] = root[i + 3] * prod; irate3[i] = iroot[i + 3] * iprod; prod *= iroot[i + 3]; iprod *= root[i + 3]; } } int n = int(a.size()); int h = topbit(n); assert(n == 1 << h); if (!inverse) { int len = h; while (len > 0) { if (len == 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint rot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << (len - 1)) { int offset = s << (h - len + 1); FOR(i, p) { u64 l = a[i + offset].val; u64 r = a[i + offset + p].val; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = (mod + l - r) * rot.val; } rot *= rate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len--; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len); mint rot = 1, imag = root[2]; FOR(s, (1 << (len - 2))) { int offset = s << (h - len + 2); mint rot2 = rot * rot; mint rot3 = rot2 * rot; for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 a0 = a[i + offset + 0 * p].val; u64 a1 = a[i + offset + 1 * p].val; u64 a2 = a[i + offset + 2 * p].val; u64 a3 = a[i + offset + 3 * p].val; u64 x = (mod + a2 - a3) * imag.val % mod; a[i + offset] = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = (a0 + mod - a1 + x) * rot.val; a[i + offset + 2 * p] = (a0 + a1 + 2 * mod - a2 - a3) * rot2.val; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = (a0 + 2 * mod - a1 - x) * rot3.val; } rot *= rate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len -= 2; } } } else { mint coef = mint(1) / mint(len(a)); FOR(i, len(a)) a[i] *= coef; int len = 0; while (len < h) { if (len == h - 1) { int p = 1 << (h - len - 1); mint irot = 1; FOR(s, 1 << len) { int offset = s << (h - len); FOR(i, p) { auto l = a[i + offset]; auto r = a[i + offset + p] * irot; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = l - r; } irot *= irate2[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len++; } else { int p = 1 << (h - len - 2); mint irot = 1, iimag = iroot[2]; for (int s = 0; s < (1 << len); s++) { mint irot2 = irot * irot; mint irot3 = irot2 * irot; int offset = s << (h - len); for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) { u64 mod2 = u64(mod) * mod; u64 a0 = a[i + offset].val; u64 a1 = u64(a[i + offset + p].val) * irot.val; u64 a2 = u64(a[i + offset + 2 * p].val) * irot2.val; u64 a3 = u64(a[i + offset + 3 * p].val) * irot3.val; u64 a1na3imag = (a1 + mod2 - a3) % mod * iimag.val; u64 na2 = mod2 - a2; a[i + offset] = a0 + a2 + a1 + a3; a[i + offset + 1 * p] = a0 + a2 + (2 * mod2 - (a1 + a3)); a[i + offset + 2 * p] = a0 + na2 + a1na3imag; a[i + offset + 3 * p] = a0 + na2 + (mod2 - a1na3imag); } irot *= irate3[topbit(~s & -~s)]; } len += 2; } } } } #line 8 "poly/multipoint.hpp" template <typename mint> struct SubproductTree { int m; int sz; vc<vc<mint>> T; SubproductTree(const vc<mint>& x) { m = len(x); sz = 1; while (sz < m) sz *= 2; T.resize(2 * sz); FOR(i, sz) T[sz + i] = {1, (i < m ? -x[i] : 0)}; FOR3_R(i, 1, sz) T[i] = convolution(T[2 * i], T[2 * i + 1]); } vc<mint> evaluation(vc<mint> f) { int n = len(f); if (n == 0) return vc<mint>(m, mint(0)); f.resize(2 * n - 1); vc<vc<mint>> g(2 * sz); g[1] = T[1]; g[1].resize(n); g[1] = fps_inv(g[1]); g[1] = middle_product(f, g[1]); g[1].resize(sz); FOR3(i, 1, sz) { g[2 * i] = middle_product(g[i], T[2 * i + 1]); g[2 * i + 1] = middle_product(g[i], T[2 * i]); } vc<mint> vals(m); FOR(i, m) vals[i] = g[sz + i][0]; return vals; } vc<mint> interpolation(vc<mint>& y) { assert(len(y) == m); vc<mint> a(m); FOR(i, m) a[i] = T[1][m - i - 1] * (i + 1); a = evaluation(a); vc<vc<mint>> t(2 * sz); FOR(i, sz) t[sz + i] = {(i < m ? y[i] / a[i] : 0)}; FOR3_R(i, 1, sz) { t[i] = convolution(t[2 * i], T[2 * i + 1]); auto tt = convolution(t[2 * i + 1], T[2 * i]); FOR(k, len(t[i])) t[i][k] += tt[k]; } t[1].resize(m); reverse(all(t[1])); return t[1]; } }; template <typename mint> vc<mint> multipoint_evaluation_ntt(vc<mint> f, vc<mint> point) { using poly = vc<mint>; int n = 1, k = 0; while (n < len(point)) n *= 2, ++k; vv(mint, F, k + 1, 2 * n); FOR(i, len(point)) F[0][2 * i] = -point[i]; FOR(d, k) { int b = 1 << d; for (int L = 0; L < 2 * n; L += 4 * b) { poly f1 = {F[d].begin() + L, F[d].begin() + L + b}; poly f2 = {F[d].begin() + L + 2 * b, F[d].begin() + L + 3 * b}; ntt_doubling(f1), ntt_doubling(f2); FOR(i, b) f1[i] += 1, f2[i] += 1; FOR(i, b, 2 * b) f1[i] -= 1, f2[i] -= 1; copy(all(f1), F[d].begin() + L); copy(all(f2), F[d].begin() + L + 2 * b); FOR(i, 2 * b) { F[d + 1][L + i] = f1[i] * f2[i] - 1; } } } vc<mint> P = {F[k].begin(), F[k].begin() + n}; ntt(P, 1), P.eb(1), reverse(all(P)), P.resize(len(f)), P = fps_inv<mint>(P); f.resize(n + len(P) - 1), f = middle_product<mint>(f, P), reverse(all(f)); transposed_ntt(f, 1); vc<mint>& G = f; FOR_R(d, k) { vc<mint> nxt_G(n); int b = 1 << d; for (int L = 0; L < n; L += 2 * b) { vc<mint> g1(2 * b), g2(2 * b); FOR(i, 2 * b) { g1[i] = G[L + i] * F[d][2 * L + 2 * b + i]; } FOR(i, 2 * b) { g2[i] = G[L + i] * F[d][2 * L + i]; } ntt_doubling<mint, true>(g1), ntt_doubling<mint, true>(g2); FOR(i, b) { nxt_G[L + i] = g1[i], nxt_G[L + b + i] = g2[i]; } } swap(G, nxt_G); } G.resize(len(point)); return G; } template <typename mint> vc<mint> multipoint_eval(vc<mint>& f, vc<mint>& x) { if (x.empty()) return {}; if (mint::can_ntt()) return multipoint_evaluation_ntt(f, x); SubproductTree<mint> F(x); return F.evaluation(f); } template <typename mint> vc<mint> multipoint_interpolate(vc<mint>& x, vc<mint>& y) { if (x.empty()) return {}; SubproductTree<mint> F(x); return F.interpolation(y); } // calculate f(ar^k) for 0 <= k < m template <typename mint> vc<mint> multipoint_eval_on_geom_seq(vc<mint> f, mint a, mint r, int m) { const int n = len(f); if (m == 0) return {}; auto eval = [&](mint x) -> mint { mint fx = 0; mint pow = 1; FOR(i, n) fx += f[i] * pow, pow *= x; return fx; }; if (r == mint(0)) { vc<mint> res(m); FOR(i, 1, m) res[i] = f[0]; res[0] = eval(a); return res; } if (n < 60 || m < 60) { vc<mint> res(m); FOR(i, m) res[i] = eval(a), a *= r; return res; } assert(r != mint(0)); // a == 1 に帰着 mint pow_a = 1; FOR(i, n) f[i] *= pow_a, pow_a *= a; auto calc = [&](mint r, int m) -> vc<mint> { // r^{t_i} の計算 vc<mint> res(m); mint pow = 1; res[0] = 1; FOR(i, m - 1) { res[i + 1] = res[i] * pow; pow *= r; } return res; }; vc<mint> A = calc(r, n + m - 1), B = calc(r.inverse(), max(n, m)); FOR(i, n) f[i] *= B[i]; f = middle_product(A, f); FOR(i, m) f[i] *= B[i]; return f; } // Y[i] = f(ar^i) template <typename mint> vc<mint> multipoint_interpolate_on_geom_seq(vc<mint> Y, mint a, mint r) { const int n = len(Y); if (n == 0) return {}; if (n == 1) return {Y[0]}; assert(r != mint(0)); mint ir = r.inverse(); vc<mint> POW(n + n - 1), tPOW(n + n - 1); POW[0] = tPOW[0] = mint(1); FOR(i, n + n - 2) POW[i + 1] = POW[i] * r, tPOW[i + 1] = tPOW[i] * POW[i]; vc<mint> iPOW(n + n - 1), itPOW(n + n - 1); iPOW[0] = itPOW[0] = mint(1); FOR(i, n) iPOW[i + 1] = iPOW[i] * ir, itPOW[i + 1] = itPOW[i] * iPOW[i]; // prod_[1,i] 1-r^k vc<mint> S(n); S[0] = mint(1); FOR(i, 1, n) S[i] = S[i - 1] * (mint(1) - POW[i]); vc<mint> iS = all_inverse<mint>(S); mint sn = S[n - 1] * (mint(1) - POW[n]); FOR(i, n) { Y[i] = Y[i] * tPOW[n - 1 - i] * itPOW[n - 1] * iS[i] * iS[n - 1 - i]; if (i % 2 == 1) Y[i] = -Y[i]; } // sum_i Y[i] / 1-r^ix FOR(i, n) Y[i] *= itPOW[i]; vc<mint> f = middle_product(tPOW, Y); FOR(i, n) f[i] *= itPOW[i]; // prod 1-r^ix vc<mint> g(n); g[0] = mint(1); FOR(i, 1, n) { g[i] = tPOW[i] * sn * iS[i] * iS[n - i]; if (i % 2 == 1) g[i] = -g[i]; } f = convolution<mint>(f, g); f.resize(n); reverse(all(f)); mint ia = a.inverse(); mint pow = 1; FOR(i, n) f[i] *= pow, pow *= ia; return f; }