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test/1_mytest/factorial_998.test.cpp
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- Last update: 2024-12-13 13:55:16+09:00
- Problem: https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/aplusb
Depends on
alg/monoid/mul.hpp
- ds/sliding_window_aggregation.hpp
- linalg/matrix_mul.hpp
- mod/crt3.hpp
- mod/factorial998.hpp
- mod/mod_inv.hpp
- mod/modint.hpp
- mod/modint_common.hpp
- my_template.hpp
- poly/convolution.hpp
- poly/convolution_karatsuba.hpp
- poly/convolution_naive.hpp
- poly/lagrange_interpolate_iota.hpp
- poly/ntt.hpp
- poly/prefix_product_of_poly.hpp
- random/base.hpp
Code
#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/aplusb"
#include "my_template.hpp"
#include "random/base.hpp"
#include "mod/factorial998.hpp"
#include "poly/prefix_product_of_poly.hpp"
using mint = modint998;
void test() {
FOR(10) {
int x = RNG(0, mint::get_mod());
// int x = t;
int a = factorial998(x);
vc<mint> f = {1, 1};
int b = prefix_product_of_poly(f, x).val;
assert(a == b);
}
}
void solve() {
int a, b;
cin >> a >> b;
cout << a + b << "\n";
}
signed main() {
test();
solve();
return 0;
}#line 1 "test/1_mytest/factorial_998.test.cpp"
#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/aplusb"
#line 1 "my_template.hpp"
#if defined(LOCAL)
#include <my_template_compiled.hpp>
#else
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/96344
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast,unroll-loops")
// いまの CF だとこれ入れると動かない？
// #pragma GCC target("avx2,popcnt")
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using u8 = uint8_t;
using u16 = uint16_t;
using u32 = uint32_t;
using u64 = uint64_t;
using i128 = __int128;
using u128 = unsigned __int128;
using f128 = __float128;
template <class T>
constexpr T infty = 0;
template <>
constexpr int infty<int> = 1'010'000'000;
template <>
constexpr ll infty<ll> = 2'020'000'000'000'000'000;
template <>
constexpr u32 infty<u32> = infty<int>;
template <>
constexpr u64 infty<u64> = infty<ll>;
template <>
constexpr i128 infty<i128> = i128(infty<ll>) * 2'000'000'000'000'000'000;
template <>
constexpr double infty<double> = infty<ll>;
template <>
constexpr long double infty<long double> = infty<ll>;
using pi = pair<ll, ll>;
using vi = vector<ll>;
template <class T>
using vc = vector<T>;
template <class T>
using vvc = vector<vc<T>>;
template <class T>
using vvvc = vector<vvc<T>>;
template <class T>
using vvvvc = vector<vvvc<T>>;
template <class T>
using vvvvvc = vector<vvvvc<T>>;
template <class T>
using pq = priority_queue<T>;
template <class T>
using pqg = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T>>;
#define vv(type, name, h, ...) vector<vector<type>> name(h, vector<type>(__VA_ARGS__))
#define vvv(type, name, h, w, ...) vector<vector<vector<type>>> name(h, vector<vector<type>>(w, vector<type>(__VA_ARGS__)))
#define vvvv(type, name, a, b, c, ...) \
vector<vector<vector<vector<type>>>> name(a, vector<vector<vector<type>>>(b, vector<vector<type>>(c, vector<type>(__VA_ARGS__))))
// https://trap.jp/post/1224/
#define FOR1(a) for (ll _ = 0; _ < ll(a); ++_)
#define FOR2(i, a) for (ll i = 0; i < ll(a); ++i)
#define FOR3(i, a, b) for (ll i = a; i < ll(b); ++i)
#define FOR4(i, a, b, c) for (ll i = a; i < ll(b); i += (c))
#define FOR1_R(a) for (ll i = (a)-1; i >= ll(0); --i)
#define FOR2_R(i, a) for (ll i = (a)-1; i >= ll(0); --i)
#define FOR3_R(i, a, b) for (ll i = (b)-1; i >= ll(a); --i)
#define overload4(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e
#define overload3(a, b, c, d, ...) d
#define FOR(...) overload4(__VA_ARGS__, FOR4, FOR3, FOR2, FOR1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define FOR_R(...) overload3(__VA_ARGS__, FOR3_R, FOR2_R, FOR1_R)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define FOR_subset(t, s) for (ll t = (s); t >= 0; t = (t == 0 ? -1 : (t - 1) & (s)))
#define all(x) x.begin(), x.end()
#define len(x) ll(x.size())
#define elif else if
#define eb emplace_back
#define mp make_pair
#define mt make_tuple
#define fi first
#define se second
#define stoi stoll
int popcnt(int x) { return __builtin_popcount(x); }
int popcnt(u32 x) { return __builtin_popcount(x); }
int popcnt(ll x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x); }
int popcnt(u64 x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x); }
int popcnt_sgn(int x) { return (__builtin_parity(unsigned(x)) & 1 ? -1 : 1); }
int popcnt_sgn(u32 x) { return (__builtin_parity(x) & 1 ? -1 : 1); }
int popcnt_sgn(ll x) { return (__builtin_parityll(x) & 1 ? -1 : 1); }
int popcnt_sgn(u64 x) { return (__builtin_parityll(x) & 1 ? -1 : 1); }
// (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) -> (-1, 0, 1, 1, 2)
int topbit(int x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 31 - __builtin_clz(x)); }
int topbit(u32 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 31 - __builtin_clz(x)); }
int topbit(ll x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(x)); }
int topbit(u64 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(x)); }
// (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) -> (-1, 0, 1, 0, 2)
int lowbit(int x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctz(x)); }
int lowbit(u32 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctz(x)); }
int lowbit(ll x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctzll(x)); }
int lowbit(u64 x) { return (x == 0 ? -1 : __builtin_ctzll(x)); }
template <typename T>
T kth_bit(int k) {
return T(1) << k;
}
template <typename T>
bool has_kth_bit(T x, int k) {
return x >> k & 1;
}
template <typename T>
T floor(T a, T b) {
return a / b - (a % b && (a ^ b) < 0);
}
template <typename T>
T ceil(T x, T y) {
return floor(x + y - 1, y);
}
template <typename T>
T bmod(T x, T y) {
return x - y * floor(x, y);
}
template <typename T>
pair<T, T> divmod(T x, T y) {
T q = floor(x, y);
return {q, x - q * y};
}
template <typename T, typename U>
T SUM(const vector<U> &A) {
T sm = 0;
for (auto &&a: A) sm += a;
return sm;
}
#define MIN(v) *min_element(all(v))
#define MAX(v) *max_element(all(v))
#define LB(c, x) distance((c).begin(), lower_bound(all(c), (x)))
#define UB(c, x) distance((c).begin(), upper_bound(all(c), (x)))
#define UNIQUE(x) sort(all(x)), x.erase(unique(all(x)), x.end()), x.shrink_to_fit()
template <typename T>
T POP(deque<T> &que) {
T a = que.front();
que.pop_front();
return a;
}
template <typename T>
T POP(pq<T> &que) {
T a = que.top();
que.pop();
return a;
}
template <typename T>
T POP(pqg<T> &que) {
T a = que.top();
que.pop();
return a;
}
template <typename T>
T POP(vc<T> &que) {
T a = que.back();
que.pop_back();
return a;
}
template <typename F>
ll binary_search(F check, ll ok, ll ng, bool check_ok = true) {
if (check_ok) assert(check(ok));
while (abs(ok - ng) > 1) {
auto x = (ng + ok) / 2;
(check(x) ? ok : ng) = x;
}
return ok;
}
template <typename F>
double binary_search_real(F check, double ok, double ng, int iter = 100) {
FOR(iter) {
double x = (ok + ng) / 2;
(check(x) ? ok : ng) = x;
}
return (ok + ng) / 2;
}
template <class T, class S>
inline bool chmax(T &a, const S &b) {
return (a < b ? a = b, 1 : 0);
}
template <class T, class S>
inline bool chmin(T &a, const S &b) {
return (a > b ? a = b, 1 : 0);
}
// ? は -1
vc<int> s_to_vi(const string &S, char first_char) {
vc<int> A(S.size());
FOR(i, S.size()) { A[i] = (S[i] != '?' ? S[i] - first_char : -1); }
return A;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
vector<T> cumsum(vector<U> &A, int off = 1) {
int N = A.size();
vector<T> B(N + 1);
FOR(i, N) { B[i + 1] = B[i] + A[i]; }
if (off == 0) B.erase(B.begin());
return B;
}
// stable sort
template <typename T>
vector<int> argsort(const vector<T> &A) {
vector<int> ids(len(A));
iota(all(ids), 0);
sort(all(ids), [&](int i, int j) { return (A[i] == A[j] ? i < j : A[i] < A[j]); });
return ids;
}
// A[I[0]], A[I[1]], ...
template <typename T>
vc<T> rearrange(const vc<T> &A, const vc<int> &I) {
vc<T> B(len(I));
FOR(i, len(I)) B[i] = A[I[i]];
return B;
}
template <typename T, typename... Vectors>
void concat(vc<T> &first, const Vectors &... others) {
vc<T> &res = first;
(res.insert(res.end(), others.begin(), others.end()), ...);
}
#endif
#line 2 "random/base.hpp"
u64 RNG_64() {
static u64 x_ = u64(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::nanoseconds>(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count()) * 10150724397891781847ULL;
x_ ^= x_ << 7;
return x_ ^= x_ >> 9;
}
u64 RNG(u64 lim) { return RNG_64() % lim; }
ll RNG(ll l, ll r) { return l + RNG_64() % (r - l); }
#line 4 "test/1_mytest/factorial_998.test.cpp"
#line 1 "mod/factorial998.hpp"
// 1<<20
int factorial998table[1024] = {1,467742124,703158536,849331177,183632821,786787592,708945888,623860151,442444797,339076928,916211838,827641482,982515753,303461550,466748179,669060208,789885751,915736046,189957301,934038903,728735046,774755699,649374308,602288735,492352484,958678776,943233257,148504501,352124178,569334038,927469492,343841688,432351202,700916755,170721982,8283809,875807278,931632987,330722936,603566523,391470976,157944106,826756015,278928878,178606531,522053153,175494307,16217485,310769109,430912024,970167731,302127847,960178710,607169580,211863227,918097328,664502958,598427325,415194799,38321157,375608821,557298612,497769749,114695383,77784134,629192790,339438380,348348875,713806860,526342541,671850855,414726935,844082152,412454739,351143550,868784407,834684152,186057224,996072584,619190001,24770542,765280770,513490122,468949120,867194196,866447292,937135640,560788103,308335177,703539315,252044620,119916775,298069903,43651994,148641017,730387621,856452172,74265901,626807500,980602375,42825068,348086475,162321900,207340584,151258454,461547160,320321845,361026143,882876292,842563318,257705870,158156446,292795459,984763947,917068833,811332379,782439665,944504775,298167161,141501910,155584237,149720256,71954352,666430555,580966229,884747116,616367471,918981127,310328833,724405658,383796145,256700166,487819118,642491144,181867555,524937737,222137750,445244561,79921588,253457448,405659726,260707689,740044210,654653354,229885020,230551611,616689587,939003921,565960348,904184966,133298693,859220865,186139683,765071679,247651638,451157944,929341123,503724944,768266737,142218056,910573117,274579400,151387843,212671109,815271666,406331931,154251304,642676789,570372925,976277122,442985463,928799971,817581666,797627351,100113334,877639265,541537097,434482347,300960222,270085755,481153328,236088097,686884498,323505794,897572220,900787550,277507290,157634146,892066519,616420589,46056764,697140618,592483685,896871487,896388868,106444279,115102765,191484323,62322499,434613622,426026852,378184205,194359325,415197585,965735328,598860936,653751428,942602959,475099103,642401460,77868208,464952529,549976420,705774928,635299526,704085554,809044086,670938184,799176916,58985566,402328281,182103192,921913660,674272214,428301920,520916749,127424638,296779896,166780239,19634060,95873539,708947606,532272305,980167862,7015847,370183454,45567119,866949818,374428494,25583689,351370758,835388325,232690098,42002598,17055285,985022727,214528454,122907290,793349516,609331634,87133548,248246624,448572380,502875867,183097664,536117329,170926160,381772251,37038194,374439881,94285547,880631489,452052533,739811514,675382782,587926712,179133902,694266603,338843576,281485671,813341519,616512705,222785194,382494725,471654428,961907947,442140830,702296161,548575377,388901073,19119024,545916498,947169254,801677200,377657430,634980290,246239186,13175103,239754689,656729178,364003283,646568868,584909084,690387116,452007054,131381944,908149670,807287523,802277179,745423153,893994782,197548253,376096720,105840336,687751559,170787791,928507410,620382696,446955151,139665212,882526402,494793004,107171423,753993075,467588754,207595897,269813018,941027990,856873596,717085190,245280646,792026805,548741735,523767341,637697735,261200153,89666563,344573088,15832984,558492246,825051585,923222974,826620400,558080789,657328927,991078225,706029275,738905108,401212366,980043233,895405022,597894231,636951913,947342478,786075225,395095090,188433847,121279219,860403973,396099425,240442489,521535558,280382318,58023116,735594008,8696133,477645338,223630480,816606673,680021043,362424474,181667447,504295826,332167472,766361494,992840497,417671938,376941230,11880047,275790726,106186450,150546053,966438917,431896075,158021876,734833661,328332504,632143386,962477966,638741189,728804571,753715698,20536106,45105841,271673172,982138522,604809222,199722980,211807634,478008419,194715230,246865373,316443541,869035744,202922168,245262975,136244583,650969410,566222746,55188168,495968583,571946805,188658038,353720239,830419870,669127165,86710835,810103736,630008035,764354348,209246227,277861984,725469211,151404581,894191013,775554083,634671016,170299187,471849450,575347258,505276194,636730506,40086858,386228700,789875034,998219457,359035788,843760715,864829665,794240359,241486050,48334220,583177582,714653706,617669563,132782021,779225352,333301287,520569296,508276228,689073648,573645847,200419842,911561316,310562870,204959007,879280837,762843188,103128368,133300147,648946778,287218789,662474952,587555465,105622721,648151526,517033362,729251452,850555187,708613432,874408867,345608416,690718720,10813958,42384375,882264058,825490058,252850511,652942840,202604098,277615259,862885671,582470925,190843016,534488148,187675153,911660635,377262012,642854978,359397276,712333871,580131409,841639861,925383257,213683380,25291651,974815450,32032244,119030165,443676106,555727293,170519648,171131074,839941962,789829593,140975543,845347712,303299112,530420097,857005350,249174130,224087061,311280308,404814306,567648772,766512373,470895965,294358155,625218604,89534510,513216330,78173719,22818060,254922573,292417477,415060121,208989124,960117615,570018845,237661008,442774488,871349246,161574942,548661451,313471555,448096394,587422360,987939533,254478574,113844945,268886375,927289435,664834607,983476167,390569280,363763327,935767957,159015901,508613041,134148582,127417680,484767855,825835285,43847241,972918293,151969014,768480291,729490470,76727400,384998943,648970509,764966281,391326774,585299643,661473977,530021579,368308424,81083443,981417794,185781362,169555925,934957641,56005264,296483160,853982963,489694611,73207251,20297311,431253211,168162850,36271383,689526671,397669110,705876730,785504919,764896820,936514026,350141918,784778738,682324919,140913543,862125900,723248565,369074340,146936534,226913694,277886748,856792647,13654547,141461269,255233971,979535193,747662027,452683681,338311679,399620140,306913085,817524367,333578440,943193170,387930488,964713035,554372227,524201507,267870305,698863503,695139108,399857384,830659092,479624682,594238820,768224890,956955770,940576967,920740072,282055556,621677930,847367415,619094041,432519599,192780811,912052381,263304046,114280963,307107320,956809356,118706101,836710721,356893069,427113038,55360495,892694364,443807400,568616581,130165565,732273554,778059496,95936679,629634134,383940143,474733431,271200931,253893765,65679204,670721645,268831988,225698685,424701963,654858732,405695790,894299102,797306377,464723449,647679843,730366154,956550665,898568348,313188681,661403769,346715295,358990430,868898456,719464962,978551995,772931269,255694712,379904456,393101377,130818973,810783770,78951115,608848341,941552927,523163696,581658405,188869913,161971620,114600913,300038465,126906968,572973411,118017645,806069307,430432761,310699012,989119052,282768145,557792692,611036992,427168405,84497995,529589599,967936672,416953197,549641787,787274930,514952744,646568513,39329263,765390776,831388678,299074396,102522509,886062498,598990751,553048069,305737423,388746841,13007805,3445560,568306294,109543305,847740132,746222360,454654676,748993028,222910140,861308982,390243513,692742883,789475199,153430402,299806798,913070840,881332402,245792511,618823409,1817990,897836424,726794141,700802042,472214481,97004031,479899815,573979309,752576644,374801082,599964908,894966385,178103304,12240556,393873628,855241924,305678131,971858774,281586141,87362107,41844894,175133514,276243521,997376957,260427125,439339251,64661516,362212695,186181824,423316311,267640938,299252572,810040987,857956827,758991665,207700847,399398818,747579039,814755712,298373935,307448236,42074518,982127624,538863790,528558929,96501138,813255509,611769398,710541518,408153968,675346745,970094012,791931126,811516976,618049736,264048084,209805699,909045292,645349311,416989597,590393407,320547207,342653696,860169617,856611053,475149267,124801433,547187333,466598598,266454901,554467907,868909135,199244107,548833449,20952517,234169026,117025205,804238552,205574540,590283297,822322644,866010856,477388420,935768507,424373916,951967787,344871828,133969287,937034425,309380768,666909962,726492795,996576193,883938945,869749688,313581344,65216237,88860786,208895640,888760811,854567609,328142793,121852766,928690075,135269006,333105486,502240551,573712984,397698082,935117672,718828733,440474396,335628894,184935718,788258676,646732201,68099895,167036421,362572358,787671392,666366534,193503119,74429287,132805884,796935846,124574194,926012440,147265585,722608579,526866610,452261307,990444071,4595579,147427028,774597449,678783012,568563934,383628463,68242206,163493293,352851801,123192034,529859554,14733470,565063217,178575398,580871309,135817500,313966456,647215844,118781836,106243172,796669460,48496927,772979683,715961917,546863206,601711799,644312478,629259662,738295002,692301787,149995411,864799423,284186171,246177326,268779154,86400350,518698490,321709079,946212693,800553099,865864136,244789848,386206318,851633075,713794602,131117952,280474884,243820970,820033654,399700655,825581574,443639603,774376660,362476217,552383080,436759518,538430048,965968656,150434699,563163603,352073025,840124972,152029247,902082055,770264937,747653807,934664232,541451013,807031739,854866728,503502641,283479207,297947602,488469464,205196166,381583984,108455782,570592132,363674728,134077711,356931610,887112858,273780969,443297964,650953636,402662299,894089640,71844431,33030748,208583995,597099208,671156881,875032178,998244352,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
int factorial998(ll n) {
constexpr int mod = 998244353;
if (n >= mod) return 0;
auto [q, r] = divmod<int>(n, 1 << 20);
ll x = factorial998table[q];
int s = q << 20;
FOR(i, r) x = x * (s + i + 1) % mod;
return x;
}
#line 2 "mod/modint_common.hpp"
struct has_mod_impl {
template <class T>
static auto check(T &&x) -> decltype(x.get_mod(), std::true_type{});
template <class T>
static auto check(...) -> std::false_type;
};
template <class T>
class has_mod : public decltype(has_mod_impl::check<T>(std::declval<T>())) {};
template <typename mint>
mint inv(int n) {
static const int mod = mint::get_mod();
static vector<mint> dat = {0, 1};
assert(0 <= n);
if (n >= mod) n %= mod;
while (len(dat) <= n) {
int k = len(dat);
int q = (mod + k - 1) / k;
dat.eb(dat[k * q - mod] * mint::raw(q));
}
return dat[n];
}
template <typename mint>
mint fact(int n) {
static const int mod = mint::get_mod();
assert(0 <= n && n < mod);
static vector<mint> dat = {1, 1};
while (len(dat) <= n) dat.eb(dat[len(dat) - 1] * mint::raw(len(dat)));
return dat[n];
}
template <typename mint>
mint fact_inv(int n) {
static vector<mint> dat = {1, 1};
if (n < 0) return mint(0);
while (len(dat) <= n) dat.eb(dat[len(dat) - 1] * inv<mint>(len(dat)));
return dat[n];
}
template <class mint, class... Ts>
mint fact_invs(Ts... xs) {
return (mint(1) * ... * fact_inv<mint>(xs));
}
template <typename mint, class Head, class... Tail>
mint multinomial(Head &&head, Tail &&... tail) {
return fact<mint>(head) * fact_invs<mint>(std::forward<Tail>(tail)...);
}
template <typename mint>
mint C_dense(int n, int k) {
assert(n >= 0);
if (k < 0 || n < k) return 0;
static vvc<mint> C;
static int H = 0, W = 0;
auto calc = [&](int i, int j) -> mint {
if (i == 0) return (j == 0 ? mint(1) : mint(0));
return C[i - 1][j] + (j ? C[i - 1][j - 1] : 0);
};
if (W <= k) {
FOR(i, H) {
C[i].resize(k + 1);
FOR(j, W, k + 1) { C[i][j] = calc(i, j); }
}
W = k + 1;
}
if (H <= n) {
C.resize(n + 1);
FOR(i, H, n + 1) {
C[i].resize(W);
FOR(j, W) { C[i][j] = calc(i, j); }
}
H = n + 1;
}
return C[n][k];
}
template <typename mint, bool large = false, bool dense = false>
mint C(ll n, ll k) {
assert(n >= 0);
if (k < 0 || n < k) return 0;
if constexpr (dense) return C_dense<mint>(n, k);
if constexpr (!large) return multinomial<mint>(n, k, n - k);
k = min(k, n - k);
mint x(1);
FOR(i, k) x *= mint(n - i);
return x * fact_inv<mint>(k);
}
template <typename mint, bool large = false>
mint C_inv(ll n, ll k) {
assert(n >= 0);
assert(0 <= k && k <= n);
if (!large) return fact_inv<mint>(n) * fact<mint>(k) * fact<mint>(n - k);
return mint(1) / C<mint, 1>(n, k);
}
// [x^d](1-x)^{-n}
template <typename mint, bool large = false, bool dense = false>
mint C_negative(ll n, ll d) {
assert(n >= 0);
if (d < 0) return mint(0);
if (n == 0) { return (d == 0 ? mint(1) : mint(0)); }
return C<mint, large, dense>(n + d - 1, d);
}
#line 3 "mod/modint.hpp"
template <int mod>
struct modint {
static constexpr u32 umod = u32(mod);
static_assert(umod < u32(1) << 31);
u32 val;
static modint raw(u32 v) {
modint x;
x.val = v;
return x;
}
constexpr modint() : val(0) {}
constexpr modint(u32 x) : val(x % umod) {}
constexpr modint(u64 x) : val(x % umod) {}
constexpr modint(u128 x) : val(x % umod) {}
constexpr modint(int x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){};
constexpr modint(ll x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){};
constexpr modint(i128 x) : val((x %= mod) < 0 ? x + mod : x){};
bool operator<(const modint &other) const { return val < other.val; }
modint &operator+=(const modint &p) {
if ((val += p.val) >= umod) val -= umod;
return *this;
}
modint &operator-=(const modint &p) {
if ((val += umod - p.val) >= umod) val -= umod;
return *this;
}
modint &operator*=(const modint &p) {
val = u64(val) * p.val % umod;
return *this;
}
modint &operator/=(const modint &p) {
*this *= p.inverse();
return *this;
}
modint operator-() const { return modint::raw(val ? mod - val : u32(0)); }
modint operator+(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) += p; }
modint operator-(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) -= p; }
modint operator*(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) *= p; }
modint operator/(const modint &p) const { return modint(*this) /= p; }
bool operator==(const modint &p) const { return val == p.val; }
bool operator!=(const modint &p) const { return val != p.val; }
modint inverse() const {
int a = val, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0, t;
while (b > 0) {
t = a / b;
swap(a -= t * b, b), swap(u -= t * v, v);
}
return modint(u);
}
modint pow(ll n) const {
assert(n >= 0);
modint ret(1), mul(val);
while (n > 0) {
if (n & 1) ret *= mul;
mul *= mul;
n >>= 1;
}
return ret;
}
static constexpr int get_mod() { return mod; }
// (n, r), r は 1 の 2^n 乗根
static constexpr pair<int, int> ntt_info() {
if (mod == 120586241) return {20, 74066978};
if (mod == 167772161) return {25, 17};
if (mod == 469762049) return {26, 30};
if (mod == 754974721) return {24, 362};
if (mod == 880803841) return {23, 211};
if (mod == 943718401) return {22, 663003469};
if (mod == 998244353) return {23, 31};
if (mod == 1004535809) return {21, 582313106};
if (mod == 1012924417) return {21, 368093570};
return {-1, -1};
}
static constexpr bool can_ntt() { return ntt_info().fi != -1; }
};
#ifdef FASTIO
template <int mod>
void rd(modint<mod> &x) {
fastio::rd(x.val);
x.val %= mod;
// assert(0 <= x.val && x.val < mod);
}
template <int mod>
void wt(modint<mod> x) {
fastio::wt(x.val);
}
#endif
using modint107 = modint<1000000007>;
using modint998 = modint<998244353>;
#line 3 "linalg/matrix_mul.hpp"
template <class T, typename enable_if<has_mod<T>::value>::type* = nullptr>
vc<vc<T>> matrix_mul(const vc<vc<T>>& A, const vc<vc<T>>& B, int N1 = -1,
int N2 = -1, int N3 = -1) {
if (N1 == -1) { N1 = len(A), N2 = len(B), N3 = len(B[0]); }
vv(u32, b, N3, N2);
FOR(i, N2) FOR(j, N3) b[j][i] = B[i][j].val;
vv(T, C, N1, N3);
if ((T::get_mod() < (1 << 30)) && N2 <= 16) {
FOR(i, N1) FOR(j, N3) {
u64 sm = 0;
FOR(m, N2) sm += u64(A[i][m].val) * b[j][m];
C[i][j] = sm;
}
} else {
FOR(i, N1) FOR(j, N3) {
u128 sm = 0;
FOR(m, N2) sm += u64(A[i][m].val) * b[j][m];
C[i][j] = T::raw(sm % (T::get_mod()));
}
}
return C;
}
template <class T, typename enable_if<!has_mod<T>::value>::type* = nullptr>
vc<vc<T>> matrix_mul(const vc<vc<T>>& A, const vc<vc<T>>& B, int N1 = -1,
int N2 = -1, int N3 = -1) {
if (N1 == -1) { N1 = len(A), N2 = len(B), N3 = len(B[0]); }
vv(T, b, N2, N3);
FOR(i, N2) FOR(j, N3) b[j][i] = B[i][j];
vv(T, C, N1, N3);
FOR(n, N1) FOR(m, N2) FOR(k, N3) C[n][k] += A[n][m] * b[k][m];
return C;
}
// square-matrix defined as array
template <class T, int N,
typename enable_if<has_mod<T>::value>::type* = nullptr>
array<array<T, N>, N> matrix_mul(const array<array<T, N>, N>& A,
const array<array<T, N>, N>& B) {
array<array<T, N>, N> C{};
if ((T::get_mod() < (1 << 30)) && N <= 16) {
FOR(i, N) FOR(k, N) {
u64 sm = 0;
FOR(j, N) sm += u64(A[i][j].val) * (B[j][k].val);
C[i][k] = sm;
}
} else {
FOR(i, N) FOR(k, N) {
u128 sm = 0;
FOR(j, N) sm += u64(A[i][j].val) * (B[j][k].val);
C[i][k] = sm;
}
}
return C;
}
// square-matrix defined as array
template <class T, int N,
typename enable_if<!has_mod<T>::value>::type* = nullptr>
array<array<T, N>, N> matrix_mul(const array<array<T, N>, N>& A,
const array<array<T, N>, N>& B) {
array<array<T, N>, N> C{};
FOR(i, N) FOR(j, N) FOR(k, N) C[i][k] += A[i][j] * B[j][k];
return C;
}
#line 2 "alg/monoid/mul.hpp"
template <class T>
struct Monoid_Mul {
using value_type = T;
using X = T;
static constexpr X op(const X &x, const X &y) noexcept { return x * y; }
static constexpr X inverse(const X &x) noexcept { return X(1) / x; }
static constexpr X unit() { return X(1); }
static constexpr bool commute = true;
};
#line 1 "ds/sliding_window_aggregation.hpp"
template <class Monoid>
struct Sliding_Window_Aggregation {
using X = typename Monoid::value_type;
using value_type = X;
int sz = 0;
vc<X> dat;
vc<X> cum_l;
X cum_r;
Sliding_Window_Aggregation() : cum_l({Monoid::unit()}), cum_r(Monoid::unit()) {}
int size() { return sz; }
void push(X x) {
++sz;
cum_r = Monoid::op(cum_r, x);
dat.eb(x);
}
void pop() {
--sz;
cum_l.pop_back();
if (len(cum_l) == 0) {
cum_l = {Monoid::unit()};
cum_r = Monoid::unit();
while (len(dat) > 1) {
cum_l.eb(Monoid::op(dat.back(), cum_l.back()));
dat.pop_back();
}
dat.pop_back();
}
}
X lprod() { return cum_l.back(); }
X rprod() { return cum_r; }
X prod() { return Monoid::op(cum_l.back(), cum_r); }
};
// 定数倍は目に見えて遅くなるので、queue でよいときは使わない
template <class Monoid>
struct SWAG_deque {
using X = typename Monoid::value_type;
using value_type = X;
int sz;
vc<X> dat_l, dat_r;
vc<X> cum_l, cum_r;
SWAG_deque() : sz(0), cum_l({Monoid::unit()}), cum_r({Monoid::unit()}) {}
int size() { return sz; }
void push_back(X x) {
++sz;
dat_r.eb(x);
cum_r.eb(Monoid::op(cum_r.back(), x));
}
void push_front(X x) {
++sz;
dat_l.eb(x);
cum_l.eb(Monoid::op(x, cum_l.back()));
}
void push(X x) { push_back(x); }
void clear() {
sz = 0;
dat_l.clear(), dat_r.clear();
cum_l = {Monoid::unit()}, cum_r = {Monoid::unit()};
}
void pop_front() {
if (sz == 1) return clear();
if (dat_l.empty()) rebuild();
--sz;
dat_l.pop_back();
cum_l.pop_back();
}
void pop_back() {
if (sz == 1) return clear();
if (dat_r.empty()) rebuild();
--sz;
dat_r.pop_back();
cum_r.pop_back();
}
void pop() { pop_front(); }
X front() {
if (len(dat_l)) return dat_l.back();
return dat_r[0];
}
X lprod() { return cum_l.back(); }
X rprod() { return cum_r.back(); }
X prod() { return Monoid::op(cum_l.back(), cum_r.back()); }
X prod_all() { return prod(); }
private:
void rebuild() {
vc<X> X;
reverse(all(dat_l));
concat(X, dat_l, dat_r);
clear();
int m = len(X) / 2;
FOR_R(i, m) push_front(X[i]);
FOR(i, m, len(X)) push_back(X[i]);
assert(sz == len(X));
}
};
#line 2 "mod/mod_inv.hpp"
// long でも大丈夫
// (val * x - 1) が mod の倍数になるようにする
// 特に mod=0 なら x=0 が満たす
ll mod_inv(ll val, ll mod) {
if (mod == 0) return 0;
mod = abs(mod);
val %= mod;
if (val < 0) val += mod;
ll a = val, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0, t;
while (b > 0) {
t = a / b;
swap(a -= t * b, b), swap(u -= t * v, v);
}
if (u < 0) u += mod;
return u;
}
#line 2 "mod/crt3.hpp"
constexpr u32 mod_pow_constexpr(u64 a, u64 n, u32 mod) {
a %= mod;
u64 res = 1;
FOR(32) {
if (n & 1) res = res * a % mod;
a = a * a % mod, n /= 2;
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, u32 p0, u32 p1>
T CRT2(u64 a0, u64 a1) {
static_assert(p0 < p1);
static constexpr u64 x0_1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1);
u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x0_1 % p1;
return a0 + c * p0;
}
template <typename T, u32 p0, u32 p1, u32 p2>
T CRT3(u64 a0, u64 a1, u64 a2) {
static_assert(p0 < p1 && p1 < p2);
static constexpr u64 x1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1);
static constexpr u64 x2 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p2, p2 - 2, p2);
static constexpr u64 p01 = u64(p0) * p1;
u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x1 % p1;
u64 ans_1 = a0 + c * p0;
c = (a2 - ans_1 % p2 + p2) * x2 % p2;
return T(ans_1) + T(c) * T(p01);
}
template <typename T, u32 p0, u32 p1, u32 p2, u32 p3>
T CRT4(u64 a0, u64 a1, u64 a2, u64 a3) {
static_assert(p0 < p1 && p1 < p2 && p2 < p3);
static constexpr u64 x1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1);
static constexpr u64 x2 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p2, p2 - 2, p2);
static constexpr u64 x3 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p3 * p2 % p3, p3 - 2, p3);
static constexpr u64 p01 = u64(p0) * p1;
u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x1 % p1;
u64 ans_1 = a0 + c * p0;
c = (a2 - ans_1 % p2 + p2) * x2 % p2;
u128 ans_2 = ans_1 + c * static_cast<u128>(p01);
c = (a3 - ans_2 % p3 + p3) * x3 % p3;
return T(ans_2) + T(c) * T(p01) * T(p2);
}
template <typename T, u32 p0, u32 p1, u32 p2, u32 p3, u32 p4>
T CRT5(u64 a0, u64 a1, u64 a2, u64 a3, u64 a4) {
static_assert(p0 < p1 && p1 < p2 && p2 < p3 && p3 < p4);
static constexpr u64 x1 = mod_pow_constexpr(p0, p1 - 2, p1);
static constexpr u64 x2 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p2, p2 - 2, p2);
static constexpr u64 x3 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p3 * p2 % p3, p3 - 2, p3);
static constexpr u64 x4 = mod_pow_constexpr(u64(p0) * p1 % p4 * p2 % p4 * p3 % p4, p4 - 2, p4);
static constexpr u64 p01 = u64(p0) * p1;
static constexpr u64 p23 = u64(p2) * p3;
u64 c = (a1 - a0 + p1) * x1 % p1;
u64 ans_1 = a0 + c * p0;
c = (a2 - ans_1 % p2 + p2) * x2 % p2;
u128 ans_2 = ans_1 + c * static_cast<u128>(p01);
c = static_cast<u64>(a3 - ans_2 % p3 + p3) * x3 % p3;
u128 ans_3 = ans_2 + static_cast<u128>(c * p2) * p01;
c = static_cast<u64>(a4 - ans_3 % p4 + p4) * x4 % p4;
return T(ans_3) + T(c) * T(p01) * T(p23);
}
#line 2 "poly/convolution_naive.hpp"
template <class T, typename enable_if<!has_mod<T>::value>::type* = nullptr>
vc<T> convolution_naive(const vc<T>& a, const vc<T>& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
if (n > m) return convolution_naive<T>(b, a);
if (n == 0) return {};
vector<T> ans(n + m - 1);
FOR(i, n) FOR(j, m) ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j];
return ans;
}
template <class T, typename enable_if<has_mod<T>::value>::type* = nullptr>
vc<T> convolution_naive(const vc<T>& a, const vc<T>& b) {
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
if (n > m) return convolution_naive<T>(b, a);
if (n == 0) return {};
vc<T> ans(n + m - 1);
if (n <= 16 && (T::get_mod() < (1 << 30))) {
for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) {
int s = max(0, k - m + 1);
int t = min(n, k + 1);
u64 sm = 0;
for (int i = s; i < t; ++i) { sm += u64(a[i].val) * (b[k - i].val); }
ans[k] = sm;
}
} else {
for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) {
int s = max(0, k - m + 1);
int t = min(n, k + 1);
u128 sm = 0;
for (int i = s; i < t; ++i) { sm += u64(a[i].val) * (b[k - i].val); }
ans[k] = T::raw(sm % T::get_mod());
}
}
return ans;
}
#line 2 "poly/convolution_karatsuba.hpp"
// 任意の環でできる
template <typename T>
vc<T> convolution_karatsuba(const vc<T>& f, const vc<T>& g) {
const int thresh = 30;
if (min(len(f), len(g)) <= thresh) return convolution_naive(f, g);
int n = max(len(f), len(g));
int m = ceil(n, 2);
vc<T> f1, f2, g1, g2;
if (len(f) < m) f1 = f;
if (len(f) >= m) f1 = {f.begin(), f.begin() + m};
if (len(f) >= m) f2 = {f.begin() + m, f.end()};
if (len(g) < m) g1 = g;
if (len(g) >= m) g1 = {g.begin(), g.begin() + m};
if (len(g) >= m) g2 = {g.begin() + m, g.end()};
vc<T> a = convolution_karatsuba(f1, g1);
vc<T> b = convolution_karatsuba(f2, g2);
FOR(i, len(f2)) f1[i] += f2[i];
FOR(i, len(g2)) g1[i] += g2[i];
vc<T> c = convolution_karatsuba(f1, g1);
vc<T> F(len(f) + len(g) - 1);
assert(2 * m + len(b) <= len(F));
FOR(i, len(a)) F[i] += a[i], c[i] -= a[i];
FOR(i, len(b)) F[2 * m + i] += b[i], c[i] -= b[i];
if (c.back() == T(0)) c.pop_back();
FOR(i, len(c)) if (c[i] != T(0)) F[m + i] += c[i];
return F;
}
#line 2 "poly/ntt.hpp"
template <class mint>
void ntt(vector<mint>& a, bool inverse) {
assert(mint::can_ntt());
const int rank2 = mint::ntt_info().fi;
const int mod = mint::get_mod();
static array<mint, 30> root, iroot;
static array<mint, 30> rate2, irate2;
static array<mint, 30> rate3, irate3;
assert(rank2 != -1 && len(a) <= (1 << max(0, rank2)));
static bool prepared = 0;
if (!prepared) {
prepared = 1;
root[rank2] = mint::ntt_info().se;
iroot[rank2] = mint(1) / root[rank2];
FOR_R(i, rank2) {
root[i] = root[i + 1] * root[i + 1];
iroot[i] = iroot[i + 1] * iroot[i + 1];
}
mint prod = 1, iprod = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 2; i++) {
rate2[i] = root[i + 2] * prod;
irate2[i] = iroot[i + 2] * iprod;
prod *= iroot[i + 2];
iprod *= root[i + 2];
}
prod = 1, iprod = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= rank2 - 3; i++) {
rate3[i] = root[i + 3] * prod;
irate3[i] = iroot[i + 3] * iprod;
prod *= iroot[i + 3];
iprod *= root[i + 3];
}
}
int n = int(a.size());
int h = topbit(n);
assert(n == 1 << h);
if (!inverse) {
int len = 0;
while (len < h) {
if (h - len == 1) {
int p = 1 << (h - len - 1);
mint rot = 1;
FOR(s, 1 << len) {
int offset = s << (h - len);
FOR(i, p) {
auto l = a[i + offset];
auto r = a[i + offset + p] * rot;
a[i + offset] = l + r;
a[i + offset + p] = l - r;
}
rot *= rate2[topbit(~s & -~s)];
}
len++;
} else {
int p = 1 << (h - len - 2);
mint rot = 1, imag = root[2];
for (int s = 0; s < (1 << len); s++) {
mint rot2 = rot * rot;
mint rot3 = rot2 * rot;
int offset = s << (h - len);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
u64 mod2 = u64(mod) * mod;
u64 a0 = a[i + offset].val;
u64 a1 = u64(a[i + offset + p].val) * rot.val;
u64 a2 = u64(a[i + offset + 2 * p].val) * rot2.val;
u64 a3 = u64(a[i + offset + 3 * p].val) * rot3.val;
u64 a1na3imag = (a1 + mod2 - a3) % mod * imag.val;
u64 na2 = mod2 - a2;
a[i + offset] = a0 + a2 + a1 + a3;
a[i + offset + 1 * p] = a0 + a2 + (2 * mod2 - (a1 + a3));
a[i + offset + 2 * p] = a0 + na2 + a1na3imag;
a[i + offset + 3 * p] = a0 + na2 + (mod2 - a1na3imag);
}
rot *= rate3[topbit(~s & -~s)];
}
len += 2;
}
}
} else {
mint coef = mint(1) / mint(len(a));
FOR(i, len(a)) a[i] *= coef;
int len = h;
while (len) {
if (len == 1) {
int p = 1 << (h - len);
mint irot = 1;
FOR(s, 1 << (len - 1)) {
int offset = s << (h - len + 1);
FOR(i, p) {
u64 l = a[i + offset].val;
u64 r = a[i + offset + p].val;
a[i + offset] = l + r;
a[i + offset + p] = (mod + l - r) * irot.val;
}
irot *= irate2[topbit(~s & -~s)];
}
len--;
} else {
int p = 1 << (h - len);
mint irot = 1, iimag = iroot[2];
FOR(s, (1 << (len - 2))) {
mint irot2 = irot * irot;
mint irot3 = irot2 * irot;
int offset = s << (h - len + 2);
for (int i = 0; i < p; i++) {
u64 a0 = a[i + offset + 0 * p].val;
u64 a1 = a[i + offset + 1 * p].val;
u64 a2 = a[i + offset + 2 * p].val;
u64 a3 = a[i + offset + 3 * p].val;
u64 x = (mod + a2 - a3) * iimag.val % mod;
a[i + offset] = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3;
a[i + offset + 1 * p] = (a0 + mod - a1 + x) * irot.val;
a[i + offset + 2 * p] = (a0 + a1 + 2 * mod - a2 - a3) * irot2.val;
a[i + offset + 3 * p] = (a0 + 2 * mod - a1 - x) * irot3.val;
}
irot *= irate3[topbit(~s & -~s)];
}
len -= 2;
}
}
}
}
#line 8 "poly/convolution.hpp"
template <class mint>
vector<mint> convolution_ntt(vector<mint> a, vector<mint> b) {
if (a.empty() || b.empty()) return {};
int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size());
int sz = 1;
while (sz < n + m - 1) sz *= 2;
// sz = 2^k のときの高速化。分割統治的なやつで損しまくるので。
if ((n + m - 3) <= sz / 2) {
auto a_last = a.back(), b_last = b.back();
a.pop_back(), b.pop_back();
auto c = convolution(a, b);
c.resize(n + m - 1);
c[n + m - 2] = a_last * b_last;
FOR(i, len(a)) c[i + len(b)] += a[i] * b_last;
FOR(i, len(b)) c[i + len(a)] += b[i] * a_last;
return c;
}
a.resize(sz), b.resize(sz);
bool same = a == b;
ntt(a, 0);
if (same) {
b = a;
} else {
ntt(b, 0);
}
FOR(i, sz) a[i] *= b[i];
ntt(a, 1);
a.resize(n + m - 1);
return a;
}
template <typename mint>
vector<mint> convolution_garner(const vector<mint>& a, const vector<mint>& b) {
int n = len(a), m = len(b);
if (!n || !m) return {};
static constexpr int p0 = 167772161;
static constexpr int p1 = 469762049;
static constexpr int p2 = 754974721;
using mint0 = modint<p0>;
using mint1 = modint<p1>;
using mint2 = modint<p2>;
vc<mint0> a0(n), b0(m);
vc<mint1> a1(n), b1(m);
vc<mint2> a2(n), b2(m);
FOR(i, n) a0[i] = a[i].val, a1[i] = a[i].val, a2[i] = a[i].val;
FOR(i, m) b0[i] = b[i].val, b1[i] = b[i].val, b2[i] = b[i].val;
auto c0 = convolution_ntt<mint0>(a0, b0);
auto c1 = convolution_ntt<mint1>(a1, b1);
auto c2 = convolution_ntt<mint2>(a2, b2);
vc<mint> c(len(c0));
FOR(i, n + m - 1) { c[i] = CRT3<mint, p0, p1, p2>(c0[i].val, c1[i].val, c2[i].val); }
return c;
}
vector<ll> convolution(vector<ll> a, vector<ll> b) {
int n = len(a), m = len(b);
if (!n || !m) return {};
if (min(n, m) <= 2500) return convolution_naive(a, b);
ll mi_a = MIN(a), mi_b = MIN(b);
for (auto& x: a) x -= mi_a;
for (auto& x: b) x -= mi_b;
assert(MAX(a) * MAX(b) <= 1e18);
auto Ac = cumsum<ll>(a), Bc = cumsum<ll>(b);
vi res(n + m - 1);
for (int k = 0; k < n + m - 1; ++k) {
int s = max(0, k - m + 1);
int t = min(n, k + 1);
res[k] += (t - s) * mi_a * mi_b;
res[k] += mi_a * (Bc[k - s + 1] - Bc[k - t + 1]);
res[k] += mi_b * (Ac[t] - Ac[s]);
}
static constexpr u32 MOD1 = 1004535809;
static constexpr u32 MOD2 = 1012924417;
using mint1 = modint<MOD1>;
using mint2 = modint<MOD2>;
vc<mint1> a1(n), b1(m);
vc<mint2> a2(n), b2(m);
FOR(i, n) a1[i] = a[i], a2[i] = a[i];
FOR(i, m) b1[i] = b[i], b2[i] = b[i];
auto c1 = convolution_ntt<mint1>(a1, b1);
auto c2 = convolution_ntt<mint2>(a2, b2);
FOR(i, n + m - 1) { res[i] += CRT2<u64, MOD1, MOD2>(c1[i].val, c2[i].val); }
return res;
}
template <typename mint>
vc<mint> convolution(const vc<mint>& a, const vc<mint>& b) {
int n = len(a), m = len(b);
if (!n || !m) return {};
if (mint::can_ntt()) {
if (min(n, m) <= 50) return convolution_karatsuba<mint>(a, b);
return convolution_ntt(a, b);
}
if (min(n, m) <= 200) return convolution_karatsuba<mint>(a, b);
return convolution_garner(a, b);
}
#line 5 "poly/lagrange_interpolate_iota.hpp"
// Input: f(0), ..., f(n-1) and c. Return: f(c)
template <typename T, typename enable_if<has_mod<T>::value>::type * = nullptr>
T lagrange_interpolate_iota(vc<T> &f, T c) {
int n = len(f);
if (int(c.val) < n) return f[c.val];
auto a = f;
FOR(i, n) {
a[i] = a[i] * fact_inv<T>(i) * fact_inv<T>(n - 1 - i);
if ((n - 1 - i) & 1) a[i] = -a[i];
}
vc<T> lp(n + 1), rp(n + 1);
lp[0] = rp[n] = 1;
FOR(i, n) lp[i + 1] = lp[i] * (c - i);
FOR_R(i, n) rp[i] = rp[i + 1] * (c - i);
T ANS = 0;
FOR(i, n) ANS += a[i] * lp[i] * rp[i + 1];
return ANS;
}
// mod じゃない場合。かなり低次の多項式を想定している。O(n^2)
// Input: f(0), ..., f(n-1) and c. Return: f(c)
template <typename T, typename enable_if<!has_mod<T>::value>::type * = nullptr>
T lagrange_interpolate_iota(vc<T> &f, T c) {
const int LIM = 10;
int n = len(f);
assert(n < LIM);
// (-1)^{i-j} binom(i,j)
static vvc<int> C;
if (C.empty()) {
C.assign(LIM, vc<int>(LIM));
C[0][0] = 1;
FOR(n, 1, LIM) FOR(k, n + 1) {
C[n][k] += C[n - 1][k];
if (k) C[n][k] += C[n - 1][k - 1];
}
FOR(n, LIM) FOR(k, n + 1) if ((n + k) % 2) C[n][k] = -C[n][k];
}
// f(x) = sum a_i binom(x,i)
vc<T> a(n);
FOR(i, n) FOR(j, i + 1) { a[i] += f[j] * C[i][j]; }
T res = 0;
T b = 1;
FOR(i, n) {
res += a[i] * b;
b = b * (c - i) / (1 + i);
}
return res;
}
// Input: f(0), ..., f(n-1) and c, m
// Return: f(c), f(c+1), ..., f(c+m-1)
// Complexity: M(n, n + m)
template <typename mint>
vc<mint> lagrange_interpolate_iota(vc<mint> &f, mint c, int m) {
if (m <= 60) {
vc<mint> ANS(m);
FOR(i, m) ANS[i] = lagrange_interpolate_iota(f, c + mint(i));
return ANS;
}
ll n = len(f);
auto a = f;
FOR(i, n) {
a[i] = a[i] * fact_inv<mint>(i) * fact_inv<mint>(n - 1 - i);
if ((n - 1 - i) & 1) a[i] = -a[i];
}
// x = c, c+1, ... に対して a0/x + a1/(x-1) + ... を求めておく
vc<mint> b(n + m - 1);
FOR(i, n + m - 1) b[i] = mint(1) / (c + mint(i - n + 1));
a = convolution(a, b);
Sliding_Window_Aggregation<Monoid_Mul<mint>> swag;
vc<mint> ANS(m);
ll L = 0, R = 0;
FOR(i, m) {
while (L < i) { swag.pop(), ++L; }
while (R - L < n) { swag.push(c + mint((R++) - n + 1)); }
auto coef = swag.prod();
if (coef == 0) {
ANS[i] = f[(c + i).val];
} else {
ANS[i] = a[i + n - 1] * coef;
}
}
return ANS;
}
#line 4 "poly/prefix_product_of_poly.hpp"
// A[k-1]...A[0] を計算する
// アルゴリズム参考：https://github.com/noshi91/n91lib_rs/blob/master/src/algorithm/polynomial_matrix_prod.rs
// 実装参考：https://nyaannyaan.github.io/library/matrix/polynomial-matrix-prefix-prod.hpp
template <typename T>
vc<vc<T>> prefix_product_of_poly_matrix(vc<vc<vc<T>>>& A, ll k) {
int n = len(A);
using MAT = vc<vc<T>>;
auto shift = [&](vc<MAT>& G, T x) -> vc<MAT> {
int d = len(G);
vvv(T, H, d, n, n);
FOR(i, n) FOR(j, n) {
vc<T> g(d);
FOR(l, d) g[l] = G[l][i][j];
auto h = lagrange_interpolate_iota(g, x, d);
FOR(l, d) H[l][i][j] = h[l];
}
return H;
};
auto evaluate = [&](vc<T>& f, T x) -> T {
T res = 0;
T p = 1;
FOR(i, len(f)) {
res += f[i] * p;
p *= x;
}
return res;
};
ll deg = 1;
FOR(i, n) FOR(j, n) chmax(deg, len(A[i][j]) - 1);
vc<MAT> G(deg + 1);
ll v = 1;
while (deg * v * v < k) v *= 2;
T iv = T(1) / T(v);
FOR(i, len(G)) {
T x = T(v) * T(i);
vv(T, mat, n, n);
FOR(j, n) FOR(k, n) mat[j][k] = evaluate(A[j][k], x);
G[i] = mat;
}
for (ll w = 1; w != v; w *= 2) {
T W = w;
auto G1 = shift(G, W * iv);
auto G2 = shift(G, (W * T(deg) * T(v) + T(v)) * iv);
auto G3 = shift(G, (W * T(deg) * T(v) + T(v) + W) * iv);
FOR(i, w * deg + 1) {
G[i] = matrix_mul(G1[i], G[i]);
G2[i] = matrix_mul(G3[i], G2[i]);
}
copy(G2.begin(), G2.end() - 1, back_inserter(G));
}
vv(T, res, n, n);
FOR(i, n) res[i][i] = 1;
ll i = 0;
while (i + v <= k) res = matrix_mul(G[i / v], res), i += v;
while (i < k) {
vv(T, mat, n, n);
FOR(j, n) FOR(k, n) mat[j][k] = evaluate(A[j][k], i);
res = matrix_mul(mat, res);
++i;
}
return res;
}
// f[k-1]...f[0] を計算する
template <typename T>
T prefix_product_of_poly(vc<T>& f, ll k) {
vc<vc<vc<T>>> A(1);
A[0].resize(1);
A[0][0] = f;
auto res = prefix_product_of_poly_matrix(A, k);
return res[0][0];
}
#line 7 "test/1_mytest/factorial_998.test.cpp"
using mint = modint998;
void test() {
FOR(10) {
int x = RNG(0, mint::get_mod());
// int x = t;
int a = factorial998(x);
vc<mint> f = {1, 1};
int b = prefix_product_of_poly(f, x).val;
assert(a == b);
}
}
void solve() {
int a, b;
cin >> a >> b;
cout << a + b << "\n";
}
signed main() {
test();
solve();
return 0;
}